South Luangwa National Park
South Luangwa National Park
The South Luangwa National Park (SLNP) is one of Zambia’s premier wildlife destinations, renowned for its abundant wildlife and stunning landscapes. Located in the eastern part of Zambia, the park is part of the larger Luangwa Valley, which itself is an integral part of the Great Rift Valley. With its winding rivers and lush vegetation, the Luangwa Valley is a region rich in biodiversity and natural beauty that offers a unique and immersive safari experience. Visitors to the SLNP can expect to see a variety of wildlife, including large populations of elephants, hippos, and crocodiles, as well as the elusive leopard and the endemic Thornicroft’s giraffe.
Facts about South Luangwa National Park
- Location: Eastern Zambia, Luangwa Valley
- Size: Approximately 9,050 square kilometers (3,500 square miles)
- Elevation: varies between 500m and 800m above sea level
- Established: 1938 (as a game reserve), 1972 (as a national park)
- Wildlife: Over 60 species of mammals, 450 species of birds
- Best Time to Visit: Dry season (May to October)
- Activities: Game drives, walking safaris, bird watching
Geography of the Luangwa Valley
The Luangwa Valley was formed by the same tectonic process that created the Great Rift Valley. Large rifts and valleys emerged as the African continent’s tectonic plates pulled apart. This geological activity shaped the landscape, creating a dramatic topography of deep valleys and high escarpments. These features have fostered a rich diversity of habitats, from riverine forests to open grasslands and woodlands. Consequently, the valley supports a wide variety of wildlife and plant species, making it a biodiversity hotspot.
Luangwa River
The rifting process has also significantly influenced the hydrology of the Luangwa Valley. The Luangwa River, originating in the Mafinga Hills near the border with Malawi, stretches approximately 800 kilometers before joining the great Zambezi River and flowing east into Mozambique. The Luangwa River is the lifeblood of the South Luangwa National Park, providing a crucial water source for its diverse flora and fauna. Notably, it is one of the last major free-flowing rivers in Africa. As it meanders through the valley, it creates oxbow lakes and fertile floodplains that support a wide range of wildlife. During the dry season, animals congregate around the river and its lagoons, making it an excellent location for game viewing. The riverine vegetation, including ebony and mahogany trees, forms lush habitats for many species and adds to the park’s scenic beauty.
History of South Luangwa
Emerging excavations in and around the South Luangwa National Park (SLNP) are uncovering some of the earliest evidence of human presence in South Central Africa. Stone tools, dating back to at least 2 million years ago, have been unearthed, representing various periods of the Stone Age within the park’s boundaries. By the 8th century, small settlements were beginning to appear along the banks of the Luangwa River. European exploration of the region commenced with the arrival of Portuguese explorers, followed by British explorers and missionaries in subsequent centuries.
In December 1866, the intrepid explorer David Livingstone crossed the Luangwa River at a location north of the current Nsefu Sector. Reflecting on the region’s astonishing beauty, Livingstone remarked, ‘I will make this land better known to men that it may become one of their haunts. It is impossible to describe its luxuriance.‘ His words echo through time, capturing the allure and enchantment of the South Luangwa National Park, a testament to the enduring legacy of exploration and discovery.
Conservation and National Park Status
The South Luangwa National Park was originally designated as a game reserve in 1938 to protect the area’s rich wildlife populations. In 1972, it was upgraded to national park status, becoming one of Zambia’s flagship conservation areas.
No discussion of South Luangwa’s history would be complete without honouring the legacy of Norman Carr, a pioneering conservationist whose vision and dedication transformed the park’s landscape. Norman Carr played a pivotal role in the establishment and development of conservation efforts in the region, advocating for the protection of wildlife and the empowerment of local communities.
Carr’s innovative approaches to conservation, including the introduction of walking safaris and community-based tourism initiatives, helped to shape the ethos of responsible and sustainable wildlife tourism in South Luangwa. His commitment to preserving the park’s natural heritage and fostering harmony between humans and wildlife continues to inspire conservationists and visitors alike, leaving an indelible mark on the park’s history and future.
The Luangwa Valley
South Luangwa National Park is only one part of the Luangwa Valley, a region renowned for its diverse ecosystems and abundant wildlife. Luangwa Valley is home to several other conservation areas, human settlements as well as the mighty Luangwa River. Together, these zones form a critical sanctuary for numerous species, offering a refuge for both flora and fauna and supporting ongoing conservation efforts in the region.
North Luangwa
North Luangwa National Park is known for its remote wilderness and exceptional walking safaris. It is less visited than South Luangwa, providing an off-the-beaten-path adventure for those seeking solitude and pristine nature. Notably, the park is also home to a remarkable rhino reintroduction program.
Luambe National Park
Luambe National Park, situated between South and North Luangwa, is one of Zambia’s lesser-known parks. It offers a more secluded and intimate safari experience, with diverse wildlife and a variety of habitats, from riverine forests to open plains.
Nsefu Sector
The Nsefu Sector, located within South Luangwa, commemorates Chief Nsefu, whose vision established the land as a reserve and inaugurated the region’s first safari camp. Revered for its historical roots and stunning scenery, the sector showcases a remarkable abundance of wildlife, captivating nature enthusiasts and photographers with its unspoiled wilderness.
Luamfwa Area
The Luamfwa Area is a remote part of South Luangwa. It offers rugged terrain and fewer tourist facilities, making it ideal for adventurous travellers looking to explore the park’s untouched regions.
Game Management Areas (GMAs)
These are designated areas outside of the national park boundaries where wildlife management practices are implemented. They serve as vital supplementary habitats and crucial corridors for animal movement, managed in collaboration with local communities and tourism ventures. Given the absence of fences between the park and GMAs, numerous lodges and camps are strategically positioned within these areas, providing visitors unmatched access to Zambia’s abundant natural beauty and diverse wildlife.
South Luangwa National Park Map
When to go to Zambia
When to Visit the South Luangwa National Park
When planning a safari to South Luangwa National Park, it’s crucial to choose the best time to visit. To help you decide, we’ve rated each month of the year based on weather conditions, park crowding, and the quality of animal sightings. This guide will ensure you have the most enjoyable and rewarding safari experience possible.
For most people, the best times to visit are August and September, when wildlife sightings are at their peak. However, South Luangwa is great to visit year-round, depending on what you’re looking for. During the rains, the park comes alive with vibrant birdlife and lush greenery although most lodges are closed. Just before the rains, you can witness the arrival of new life, such as baby impalas. Early in the year is perfect for beating the crowds and enjoying a more tranquil experience.
January in South Luangwa
January in South Luangwa National Park marks the height of the rainy season, with lush green landscapes and abundant water sources. Average temperatures range from highs of 30°C to lows of 18°C, and the park receives significant rainfall, averaging around 200mm, resulting in high humidity. This period transforms the park into a vibrant oasis, making it visually stunning.
However, the heavy rains limit camp availability, as some camps close during this season. Despite fewer accommodation options, January offers unique wildlife experiences, especially for birdwatchers. The green season attracts migratory birds, providing excellent birding opportunities. While animal sightings can be more challenging due to dense vegetation, the dramatic landscapes and presence of newborn animals make it a special time to explore South Luangwa.
Key Stats
- Average Temperatures: Highs of 30°C, lows of 18°C
- Average Rainfall: 200mm
- Humidity: High
- Camp Availability: Limited, most lodges closed
- Sightings: Green season, lush landscapes, migratory birds
Our Rating
Weather
February in South Luangwa
February continues the rainy season in South Luangwa National Park, with average temperatures ranging from highs of 29°C to lows of 18°C and an average rainfall of 190mm. The high humidity keeps the landscape lush and green, creating a beautiful setting for visitors.
Lodge availability remains limited due to the ongoing rains, and some camps are closed. This month is excellent for bird watching, as the green season attracts many migratory birds. While dense vegetation can make spotting larger animals more difficult, the park is less crowded, providing a tranquil environment for those who do visit.
Key Stats
- Average Temperatures: Highs of 29°C, lows of 18°C
- Average Rainfall: 190mm
- Humidity: High
- Camp Availability: Limited, most lodges closed
- Sightings: Green season, excellent bird watching
Our Rating
Weather
March in South Luangwa
March sees slightly less rainfall than previous months, with averages around 150mm. Temperatures range from highs of 29°C to lows of 17°C, and humidity remains high, keeping the park’s landscapes lush and vibrant.
Although lodges availability is still limited, March is a great time for those who appreciate the park’s green season. The dense vegetation makes animal sightings more challenging, but the park is less crowded, offering a peaceful and picturesque experience.
Key Stats
- Average Temperatures: Highs of 29°C, lows of 17°C
- Average Rainfall: 150mm
- Humidity: High
- Camp Availability: Limited, most lodges closed
- Sightings: Green season, lush landscapes
Our Rating
Weather
April in South Luangwa
April marks a transition period in South Luangwa National Park. Average temperatures range from highs of 28°C to lows of 16°C, with rainfall decreasing to about 50mm. Humidity levels become moderate as the landscape begins to dry out.
Lodges start reopening this month, making it easier to find accommodation. The scenery is still really green, and wildlife sightings begin to improve as the vegetation thins. Visitor numbers slowly increase, but the park remains relatively uncrowded compared to the peak season.
Key Stats
- Average Temperatures: Highs of 28°C, lows of 16°C
- Average Rainfall: 50mm
- Humidity: Moderate
- Camp Availability: Lodges in central area start reopening
- Sightings: Transition season, lush but slowly drying landscapes
Our Rating
Weather
May in South Luangwa
May brings in the beginning of the dry season in South Luangwa, with average temperatures ranging from highs of 27°C to lows of 14°C and minimal rainfall at just 10mm. Humidity is low, making for comfortable weather conditions and beautiful light.
Most lodges in the central area are open and some of the more remote camps are also opening by May. This provides ample accommodation options. Wildlife becomes more visible as the landscape continues to dry, making for better game viewing opportunities. Visitor numbers are moderate, allowing for an enjoyable experience without large crowds.
Key Stats
- Average Temperatures: Highs of 27°C, lows of 14°C
- Average Rainfall: 10mm
- Humidity: Low
- Camp Availability: Most lodges open, with some remote camps
- Sightings: Beginning of dry season, wildlife more visible
Our Rating
Weather
June in South Luangwa
June offers excellent game viewing in South Luangwa National Park, with average temperatures ranging from highs of 25°C to lows of 12°C and no rainfall. It is typically the coldest month of the year, especially at night time. The low humidity and cooler temperatures create ideal conditions for safari activities.
All lodges and camps are open in June, providing plenty of accommodation choices. With the dry season in full swing, wildlife sightings are frequent, and the park becomes more popular with visitors, though it is not yet at its busiest.
Key Stats
- Average Temperatures: Highs of 25°C, lows of 12°C
- Average Rainfall: 0mm
- Humidity: Low
- Camp Availability: All lodges and camps open
- Sightings: Excellent game viewing, cooler temperatures
Our Rating
Weather
July in South Luangwa
July is part of the peak game viewing season in South Luangwa, with average temperatures from highs of 25°C to lows of 11°C and no rainfall. The climate is comfortable, with low humidity and cool temperatures.
All lodges are open, and wildlife sightings are excellent, making July a popular time for visitors. The park sees a significant increase in visitor numbers, but the overall experience remains pleasant due to the optimal viewing conditions.
Key Stats
- Average Temperatures: Highs of 25°C, lows of 11°C
- Average Rainfall: 0mm
- Humidity: Low
- Camp Availability: All lodges open
- Sightings: Peak game viewing season, comfortable climate
Our Rating
Weather
August in South Luangwa
August continues the peak game viewing season with average temperatures ranging from highs of 27°C to lows of 13°C and no rainfall. The weather remains dry and comfortable, with low humidity. The vegetation is quickly drying.
All lodges are open, and wildlife sightings are frequent and impressive. August attracts many visitors, making the park busier, but the excellent game viewing opportunities make it a worthwhile time to visit.
Key Stats
- Average Temperatures: Highs of 27°C, lows of 13°C
- Average Rainfall: 0mm
- Humidity: Low
- Camp Availability: All lodges open
- Sightings: Excellent wildlife sightings, dry conditions
Our Rating
Weather
September in South Luangwa
September sees rising temperatures, with highs of 30°C and lows of 16°C, but still no rainfall. The low humidity and dry conditions concentrate wildlife around water sources, enhancing viewing opportunities.
All lodges are open, and the park remains busy with visitors. September offers some of the best wildlife sightings as animals gather near the few remaining water sources.
Key Stats
- Average Temperatures: Highs of 30°C, lows of 16°C
- Average Rainfall: 0mm
- Humidity: Low
- Camp Availability: All lodges open
- Sightings: Concentration of wildlife around water sources
Our Rating
Weather
October in South Luangwa
October is one of the hottest months in South Luangwa, with temperatures soaring to highs of 40°C and lows of 20°C. There is no rainfall, and the humidity remains low, creating very dry conditions. Despite the extreme heat, widespread dust, and many visitors, wildlife sightings remain exceptional, showcasing the resilience and abundance of the area’s fauna.
All lodges are open, and it is the best time for big game viewing as animals are drawn to the limited water sources. The park is popular among visitors, making it one of the busiest times of the year, but the exceptional wildlife sightings make it a prime month for safaris.
Key Stats
- Average Temperatures: Highs of 40°C, lows of 20°C
- Average Rainfall: 0mm
- Humidity: Low
- Camp Availability: All camps open
- Sightings: Best time for big game viewing
Our Rating
Weather
November in South Luangwa
November marks the beginning of the rainy season, with temperatures ranging from highs of 32°C to lows of 19°C and average rainfall of 50mm. Humidity starts to increase, and the landscape begins to green up.
Remote camps start closing in November, but there are still ample accommodation options in the central area. Wildlife sightings are highlighted by new births among animals, offering unique viewing experiences. Visitor numbers begin to decrease as the wet season approaches.
Key Stats
- Average Temperatures: Highs of 32°C, lows of 19°C
- Average Rainfall: 50mm
- Humidity: Increasing
- Camp Availability: Remote camps are closing
- Sightings: Beginning of green season, new births among wildlife
Our Rating
Weather
December in South Luangwa
December brings the return of the rainy season, with average temperatures from highs of 30°C to lows of 18°C and rainfall around 150mm. Humidity is high, and the landscape is lush and green again.
Lodges in the central area are open however camps in remote areas will be closed. The rainy season attracts migratory birds, making it an excellent time for bird watching. Although dense vegetation can make wildlife sightings more challenging, the park is less crowded, providing a peaceful and scenic visit.
Key Stats
- Average Temperatures: Highs of 30°C, lows of 18°C
- Average Rainfall: 150mm
- Humidity: High
- Camp Availability: Central lodges are open, remote lodges are closed
- Sightings: Green season, migratory birds
Our Rating
Weather
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South Luangwa Accommodation Options
Where to stay in south luangwa
South Luangwa National Park offers a variety of accommodation options to suit every type of traveler. From luxurious lodges and intimate bush camps to budget-friendly chalets, there’s something for everyone. Most accommodations are strategically located near the park’s main entrances, providing easy access to the wildlife-rich areas. Prices vary depending on the level of comfort and exclusivity you desire, with options ranging from $100 per night for camping accommodation (room only) to over $1,000 per night for high-end luxury lodges (all-inclusive).
No matter your choice, all accommodations in South Luangwa provide a unique opportunity to experience the park’s stunning landscapes and abundant wildlife. Guests can expect guided safari tours, friendly service, and a chance to unwind in the serene African wilderness. Whether you’re looking to splurge on a once-in-a-lifetime experience or seeking a more modest stay, South Luangwa has something to offer.
If you’re looking for a starting point for your research on where to stay, consider our four unique properties. We offer options for those seeking luxury, exclusivity, or an immersive bush adventure.
Kafunta River Lodge
A classic safari lodge with a majestic view of the floodplains of the South Luangwa.
Three Rivers Camp
A tented camp located at the confluence of the Luangwa, Kapamba and Lusangazi Rivers.
Sunset House
A private home to share with family or friends. Enjoy private luxury on the banks of the South Luangwa..
Island Bush Camp
A rustic camp situated on the banks of the Luangwa River in the heart of the remote Lusangazi area of South Luangwa.
Flora & Fauna of South Luangwa
South Luangwa National Park is renowned for its rich biodiversity, offering a captivating array of flora and fauna. The park is home to over 60 species of mammals and more than 450 species of birds, making it a wildlife enthusiast’s paradise. Among the most notable animals are the iconic African elephant, the elusive leopard, and the unique Thornicroft’s giraffe, which is found only in the Luangwa Valley. Visitors can also spot prides of lions, large herds of buffalo, the African wild dog and a variety of antelope species. Birdlife is exceptional, and so colorful. From the smallest blue waxbills to the largest birds of prey and waterbirds, the checklist is long! Highlights may be the Pel’s fishing owl, the Southern Carmine bee-eater or the Lilian’s lovebird.
The park’s flora is equally impressive, with a landscape that transforms dramatically with the seasons. In the dry season, the golden grasslands and sparse vegetation make wildlife spotting easier. As the rains arrive, the park blossoms into a lush, green paradise with an abundance of wildflowers and dense foliage. The diverse habitats, from riverine forests and mopane woodlands to open plains, support a wide range of plant and animal life, ensuring a dynamic and ever-changing experience for visitors.
Mammals of South Luangwa
South Luangwa is home to a staggering 60 mammal species, featuring renowned giants like the African elephant and massive buffalo herds. The park’s apex predators, including lions, wild dogs, and leopards, roam its diverse landscapes. Among the numerous antelope species, visitors can also marvel at endemic treasures such as Thornicroft’s giraffe, Cookson’s wildebeest, and Crawshay’s zebra, adding an extra layer of uniqueness to the safari experience. Additionally, South Luangwa boasts the largest population of hippos and crocodiles in Africa, further enhancing its status as a wildlife haven.
Birds of South Luangwa
Birdwatchers will find South Luangwa a paradise, with over 450 bird species recorded (some say it’s now more like 500!). From the vibrant Lilian’s lovebird and the majestic martial eagle to the striking carmine bee-eater colonies, the park offers exceptional birding opportunities year-round.
Reptiles of South Luangwa
The park’s river systems and wetlands support a diverse range of reptiles, including the Nile crocodile, monitor lizards and various snake species. Reptiles play a crucial role in the park’s ecological balance, contributing to its rich biodiversity.
Amphibians of South Luangwa
The park is home to numerous amphibian species, including various frogs and toads. These amphibians thrive in the wetlands and riverine habitats, especially during the rainy season when the park transforms into a lush, green landscape.
Small Plants of South Luangwa
Beneath the towering trees and grasses, a variety of small plants flourish. These include wildflowers, herbs, and ground covers that add to the park’s botanical diversity and provide food and habitat for many small animals and insects.
Grasses of South Luangwa
The grasslands of South Luangwa are dominated by species such as red oat grass and thatching grass, which provide essential grazing for herbivores like zebras and buffaloes. These grasses are vital to the park’s ecosystem, supporting a complex food web.
Trees & Shrubs of South Luangwa
The riverine forests and woodlands of South Luangwa are dominated by majestic ebony, mahogany, and mopane trees, casting a stately presence across the landscape. Iconic specimens like the sausage tree and baobab contribute their distinctive shapes to the scenery while towering palm trees punctuate certain areas with their graceful silhouettes. The park also features various shrubs and bushveld vegetation, which are essential for the survival of many herbivores and birds.
South Luangwa Safari Packages
Safari packages are an excellent way to experience the best of South Luangwa National Park. With pre-selected itineraries crafted by our expert team, you can be sure to see the most spectacular sights and encounter the diverse wildlife the park has to offer. These packages take the guesswork out of planning, allowing you to relax and enjoy your adventure without missing any of the park’s highlights.
We have created specific packages for South Luangwa to ensure you get the most out of your visit. These packages are designed to showcase the best bits of the park, from the majestic big cats to the abundant birdlife and everything in between. If you’re interested in visiting South Luangwa, explore our safari packages for an unforgettable experience. And, of course, we can customise these itineraries too. To view our full range of safari packages across Zambia, visit our safari packages page. Or contact us with your inquiry and to obtain detailed quotes.
Activities In South Luangwa
The South Luangwa National Park offers a variety of activities that cater to all types of travellers. Here are some of the highlights.
Game Drives
Explore the diverse landscapes and abundant wildlife of South Luangwa on guided game drives. Morning, afternoon and night drives provide the best opportunities to see predators and other iconic species.
Walking Safaris
Experience the thrill of a walking safari, a unique opportunity to explore the bush on foot. Led by experienced guides, walking safaris offer an intimate and educational experience, focusing on the smaller details of the ecosystem.
Photographic Hides
Strategically positioned in prime wildlife viewing areas, photographic hides provide a secluded vantage point , allowing photographers to observe and photograph animals in their natural habitat without disturbing their behaviour.
Mobile Walking Safaris
For the ultimate adventure, consider a mobile walking safari. These multi-day treks take you deep into the heart of the wilderness, camping under the stars and exploring remote areas of the park on foot. (only available with specific operators).
Boat Safaris
During the wet season, boat safaris on the Luangwa River provide a different perspective on the park's wildlife and landscapes. Glide along the river and enjoy close encounters with hippos, crocodiles, and waterbirds (only offered by a handful of operators between January and March).
Cultural Experience
Engage with the local community and experience the rich cultural heritage of the Luangwa Valley. Village visits offer a glimpse into the daily lives of the local people and their traditions. Discover Project Luangwa where you can learn about our community programs centered on education, and explore the craft shop showcasing local artisanal creation.
Getting to South Luangwa
South Luangwa National Park is accessible by both air and road.
By Air
The nearest airport is Mfuwe International Airport (MFU), which is serviced by regular scheduled flights from Lusaka, Lower Zambezi (Jeki/Royal), and even from Lilongwe in Malawi. The airport is 25km from the main gate of the park. Several smaller airstrips are available in the park for charter planes.
By Road
For those who prefer to drive, the park is approximately 700 kilometers from Lusaka or 500 kilometers from Lilongwe in Malawi. A road journey offers a chance to see more of Zambia's countryside but can be challenging, especially during the rainy season. A daily bus service (Jonda Bus) is available between Lusaka and Mfuwe, but can easily take over 12 hours depending on road conditions.
